NIMB… Lake? Opposition To Offshore Wind Farms In Lake Erie

Given their massive size and a variety of concerns around noise (even though there’s no evidence that the noise from wind turbines leads to adverse health effects) and the safety of birds and bats (though there are ongoing attempts to create “bird-proof” turbines), it’s hardly surprising that wind farms still get a tough rap. Even though truly “backyard” wind generation is still a ways off, residents are still uncomfortable with turbines anywhere nearby.

But now, residents in Ontario are exhibiting an entirely new brand of NIMBYism. What’s different about this latest round of complaints is that the wind farm in question would be as far away from any literal backyards as a development can get: smack dab in the middle of the world’s 13th largest lake, Lake Eerie. As reported by The Detroit News, some residents in the communities surrounding Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie oppose the proposed development by SouthPoint Wind, which would produce up to 1,400 megawatts of electricity. As with many NIMBY protests, residents are worried that the turbines could reduce property values by cluttering the landscape, and that these farms could damage surrounding wildlife.

The issue of the appearance of the hundreds of wind turbines is further complicated by the fact that Lake Eerie lies on the US-Canadian border, meaning that development on either side would be visible to both. Just like the wind that would power these turbines, nobody has jurisdictional authority on the horizon.

And SouthPoint isn’t the only energy producer eyeing the Great Lakes as a source of wind energy. NorTech, an American company, developed “the Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation (LEEDCo), a regional nonprofit organization responsible for accelerating offshore wind deployment in Lake Erie.” In fact, the LEEDCo recently announced a partnership with GE that would see turbines supplied to a 20 MW offshore project, targeted for late 2012.

As far as offshore wind development goes, the objections of a sailing club and lakeside property owners is fairly minor when compared to the massive logistical difficulties that ocean-based farms have had to contend with. Rough seas, high costs and transporting maintenance workers over large expanses of water are just a few of the hurdles that other developments have faced. Still, even when there are barely any people around, the human factor in energy development can often be the most important one of all.

Via Tree Hugger

Something old, something new and something green

What is the future going to look like?

It’s not a new question, but it’s one we’re still constantly trying to answer. And when it comes to energy, it’s a question that seems to have a few contradictory answers.

On one hand, we already know that Canada’s future is going to be different than its present: with the advent of alternative energy technologies and an increasing emphasis on energy efficiency, Canadians are demanding a bigger say in the energy they use. A national Canadian Centre for Energy Information survey conducted this year found that a full 59 per cent of respondents felt disconnected from decision-making on energy policies. But on the other hand, there are strong economic incentives to continue using the same profitable sources we’ve always used, especially when demand for those sources is growing globally. So, what’s a Canadian to do?

Flow doesn’t have a crystal ball (just a pic), but we’re always doing our best to keep an eye out to the future. So, here are a few thoughts on Canada’s energy future: the new, the old and the green.

Something Old

At the moment, Canada’s primary energy production is dominated by crude oil and natural gas. Together, these two sources make up almost 75 per cent of our total energy exports, exports that totalled $126 billion in 2008. Given the current patterns of global energy consumption, those exports isn’t likely to become any less important to the country.

Global demand for both oil and natural gas is continuing to rise, driven by demand in Asia and the Middle East, particularly China. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), demand in the transportation sector alone is expected to climb 41 per cent by 2030. And with most of that demand occurring in the developing world, Canada’s strength as an exporter is likely to continue, especially with oil reserves actually continuing to grow.

In fact, despite the fact that oil is a non-renewable resource, developments in areas like Alberta’s oil sands — the second largest oil reserve in the world — have hiked the planet’s total proved reserves to 1,258 billion barrels. If demand continues to increase, there will continue to be reserves to meet this demand into the near future.

One of the places where industry will be discussing that near future will be the CERI 2010 Oil Conference, a three-day event running between April 18 and 20. With session titles like “Conventional Oil: Last Rights or New Breath?” it’s clear that the industry recognizes that changes are coming, but with demand continuing, there’s strong reason to believe that the future won’t necessarily be unrecognizable.

Still, while oil and natural gas have long been mainstays of the Canadian energy mix, an increasing emphasis on the environmental impact of their use has fuelled the development of alternative energy sources.  The field of alternative energy includes sources as varied as biomass and waste products, but two of the leading areas in the field of alternative energy continue to be solar and wind.

Something New

Solar and wind energy are two of the most common examples of energy technologies that are changing the Canadian energy mix, and are likely to continue to change it into our future. Solar power is already becoming increasingly common in Canadian homes and once-distant wind turbine might end up finding their way into our cities.

For now, solar energy is primarily used in two ways in Canadian homes, either passively and actively. Examples of active use include photovoltaic (PV) cells that generate electricity or through solar heating panels that transmit the sun’s heat through a heat-transfer liquid. Passive uses of solar energy include architectural changes that allow homes to absorb ambient heat and redirect it in much the same way that a heating duct redirects a furnace’s.

At a federal level, solar development is supported through Natural Resource Canada’s CanmetENERGY, whose solar projects include research into low energy solar homes and developing codes, certification, and installation standards for PV systems and components. The agency has even developed a useful map of PV potential across the country demonstrating Canada’s solar potential.

Given that potential, it’s not surprising that organizations like The Canadian Solar Industries Association (CanSIA) are trying to get professionals networking. In May, CanSIA will host its first-ever regional conference. Running for two days, May 25 and 26, the conference’s topics include “The economics of solar – can it make sense?”, “Sharing the Western Landscape…where do renewables and solar fit in?” and a “Solar Showcase” featuring private and public industry figures.

Wind, meanwhile, continues to be largely a commercial, rather than a residential sector. Though there are wind turbines small enough to be used residentially, they aren’t nearly as common as their larger, commercial brothers.

For now, wind represents only 0.3 per cent of the country’s total electricity mix, but given global trends it’s not difficult to imagine that number growing. In fact, in the last 10 years, wind power use globally has increased annually by 30 per cent. The applications for Canada, where rural communities sometimes require their own power, are considerable. Operations adding diesel or hydro to intermittent wind, for example, could provide the same amount of energy with fewer emissions and other negative environmental impacts. Expect issues like these to be discussed at The Canadian Wind Energy Association’s upcoming Wind Energy Forum, running from April 13 to 14 in Toronto.

Something Green

Whether they’re fossil fuels or renewable energy sources, one of our strongest motivations for changing the way we use energy continues to be our concern over greenhouse gas emissions. Even if our mix continues to include fuels that produce these emissions, the way we use our energy is becoming just as important as the types of energy sources we use. Canada’s energy future, then, is likely to include changes in that use, both by consumers and businesses.

For those industries already producing fossil fuels, the emphasis will now be on “cleaner” versions. From carbon capture and storage technology that will trap much of the carbon dioxide ultimately released into the atmosphere, to fundamental changes in the way that oil and natural gas are extracted. At least one of the many public acknowledgements of this move toward cleaner fossil fuels can be seen in the U.S.- Canada Clean Energy Dialogue, a resolution between the two countries aimed at reducing the intensity of the energy industry’s emissions.

Consumers, meanwhile, in addition to being able to purchase home-based energy systems that can sell power back to the grid, as Ontarians can do under the province’s Feed-In Tariff program, are using less energy. And provincial governments are doing what they can to ensure that this conservation becomes a large part of the country’s energy future.

Provincial governments have already nodded to the importance of reducing their citizens’ energy use, creating agencies like Quebec’s Agence de l’efficacité énergétique and Prince Edward Island’s Office of Energy Efficiency to centrally manage provincial energy efficiency initiatives. Together with more rigorous building codes and incentive programs that encourage everything from low flow toilets to more efficient appliances, the hope is that future energy use will not only be defined by resources like oil and natural gas, wind and solar, but by the consumers who ultimately use them.

“The answer is blowin’ in the wind”

Could the final words of Bob Dylan’s 1963 classic Blowin’ in the Wind, become a mantra for Natural Resources Minister Lisa Raitt? It certainly came across that way in her opening remarks to the 25th annual Canadian Wind Energy Association conference and trade show in September. By year’s end, wind generation capacity in Canada will top 3,000 megawatts and Raitt evidently sees this burgeoning industry as a key to enhanced energy security as it boosts the economy and creates jobs. It’s the output of nearly 100 commercial wind farms already in place. Contrast that with the mid-1980s ago when there were none.

“I can’t think of very many industries that can show that kind of growth,” Raitt said. “Wind will be . . . lighting up hundreds-of-thousands of Canadian homes and doing it without generating a single kilogram of greenhouse gas emissions. . . . It’s good to be able to look back on how far the wind industry has come in this country — and it’s also a good time to look at where it’s going.”

This year will see British Columbia and Newfoundland & Labrador commemorating the opening of their first commercial wind farms and the minister said Canada’s fundamental vastness presents tremendous opportunities, not only for wind power but also other forms of energy.

“We have the opportunity to become a living laboratory for the rest of the world,” she said. “Every province has access to wind power and this is integral for us moving forward. . . . Wind energy continues to be a priority for the Government of Canada. It has to be; we’ve made a commitment to having 90 per cent of Canada’s electricity come from clean and renewable sources by 2020.”

Out of its $1.5-billion ecoENERGY for Renewable Power program, Ottawa has invested in 75 “and counting” projects. Two-thirds are for wind power. Raitt said this is being complemented by research and development at the Wind Energy Institute of Canada and other initiatives, including accelerated capital cost allowances for machinery and equipment, elimination of tariffs on imports of machinery and equipment, improved credit facilities, and the Green Infrastructure and Clean Energy funds.

The application deadline for another federal initiative, the $200 million Fund for Renewable & Clean Energy System Demonstrations, closed in mid-September and the government now is assessing 175 proposals for projects with a total installed value of some $3.5 billion. Eighteen are for both wind and electrical storage projects and Raitt said the government hopes to begin financing discussions with a short list of project backers shortly.

“The sooner we can get these projects running, putting shovels in the grounds and using this new technology, the closer we are to reducing our emissions and achieving our 2020 targets.”

Effective public consultation is key to wind industry

The message was clear to delegates at the Canadian Wind Energy Association’s (CanWEA) annual conference: consultation is critically important to the development of Canada’s wind industry, and those who do it incorrectly are bound to have considerable problems.

Indeed, a panel on “Building Community Support” featured a municipal councillor from rural Ontario who began her presentation by saying “It’s nothing personal, but I don’t like your industry.”

Councillor Monica Alyea of Prince Edward County went on to criticize the wind industry for what she believed was a series of serious faults. These included taking rural communities for granted and creating unwelcome tension between neighbours over siting turbines.

Councillor Alyea – who made a point of saying she is not running in the next municipal election – was particularly critical of how proponents often bring a series of dated, hard-copy, template brochures to town halls instead of taking the time to use technology to actually show what wind farms look and sound like. “Show us a YouTube video or two of an actual turbine turning in an actual field,” she said, “and not a bunch of glossy brochures. It would be worth your while.”

The counterpoint to Councillor Alyea came from a counterpart, Mayor Lynn Acre of Bayham, Ontario. Speaking to a full plenary session, Mayor Acre spoke of the valuable roles the wind industry plays in her region – including giving local tourism a boost – and how wind proponents have gone out of their way to involve community members in a series of public consultations.

Other conference speakers discussed the challenges of good consultation and how all parties have to commit themselves to be involved and transparent. The overall consensus was a take-off on the old political adage on voting. That is, consult early and often.

The next CanWEA conference will be held in Montreal from October 31 to November 3, 2010.

Winds of opportunity – and challenge – blow around the world

The imperatives and challenges of growth in difficult economic conditions around the world was a hot topic of conversation at the recent Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) conference in Toronto. Panelists from the United States, Europe and Canada spoke about global wind industry trends in their jurisdictions to a packed audience on the first full day of the conference.

Denise Bode, head of American Wind Energy Association drew on the strong leadership of President Obama in talking about the advance of wind energy in the States. However, Bode also said that the ability of the Department of Energy to implement federal energy policy through federal stimulus money across the country is being hampered by state-level fragmentation. The clear implication was that Canada’s challenges in establishing national energy policies is echoed south of the border.  So “hang in there”, in other words.

Similarly, Christian Kjaer, head of the European Wind Energy Association spoke of challenges stemming from trying to drive supra-national energy policy in a region of 27 member states, all of whom have policy levers over and considerable interests in the development of energy in the European Union.

Germany, for example, is a global leader in solar power and Denmark a global wind leader. Both countries have policies contributing to that leadership. At the same time, other EU-based countries lag in renewable energy, comparatively speaking, but are leaders in – or at least more reliable on – fossil fuels. Among other things, this contributes to a European hot house of technological innovation in energy amidst increased citizen expectations. Not surprisingly, Europeans look eagerly at Canada in terms of wind given the ample natural resources here and the lack of domestic industry (at least for turbines and blades).

The next CanWEA conference will be held in Montreal from October 31 to November 3, 2010.

Floating wind turbine and wave power

As solar and wind power become more mainstream, companies and environmentalists alike are searching for new and improved ways to push the green envelope even further. 

 

And while wind turbines are now a pretty common sight, any opposition to them floats around the disruption they cause to migratory birds and well, the fact that thousands of towering two-hundred foot wind turbines just look kind of ugly. 

One way to increase curb appeal is being pushed out to sea by Norway’s StatoilHydro. Appropriately named the HyWind, it is the world’s first full-scale floating offshore windmill. 

The HyWind is a 2.3 MW turbine with a floating segment that continues 100m below the ocean’s surface. Anchored to the seabed with 60-tonne concrete weights and cables that can be up to 700m long, power is transmitted back to the shore via undersea cables. 

One problem that needs to be overcome: the cost. Wind speeds may be higher offshore, generating more energy, but the turbines are also more expensive to build offshore. 

Floating turbines are also causing waves of excitement since they open up the possibility of simultaneously harnessing wind and wave power. 

Green Ocean Energy Ltd’s Wave Treader generates power as the side arms float up and down. The electricity produced is sent back to shore through the same cable as the wind turbine, proving that darling it’s better, down where it’s wetter, under the sea. 

Floating wind turbines and wave power devices may be soon become…er…the wave of the future.

What is all this wind about wind?

Pick up any newspaper or tune into any newscast, and you no doubt will have witnessed the groundswell of support, both public and official, for “green” energy. In practice, “green” means clean, renewable, and above-all, low-or-zero greenhouse gas emissions.

In Canada, one energy industry in particular has emerged as the star: wind energy.

Why wind power?

Well, for starters, Canada is windy. That sounds trite, but consider a province like Alberta. Hydroelectric power simply isn’t a possibility, even on a medium scale. Tidal power? Are you kidding? The province is blessed with an abundance of wind. It’s no coincidence that Alberta is Canada’s per-capita leader in wind power generation, and third overall behind Ontario and Quebec. 

That’s not to say Alberta is particularly “windier” than any other province. Overall, the quality of Canada’s wind resource is as good as or better than any in the world. With a huge landmass and lengthy coastlines, the Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) says the country has more top-quality wind power sites than it could ever use. 

So what is all this wind about wind?

In short, its advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Besides an abundance of suitable sites for wind farms, wind is non-polluting, requires no water for cooling or cleansing, has been proven around the world, produces reasonably-priced electricity, and the initial construction costs are low enough for medium-sized municipalities to bear.  

There are, as with any technology, disadvantages. The most common complaint is about the noise from spinning turbines, or otherwise-natural vistas being “ruined” by the tall towers. Also, reliability: when the wind isn’t blowing, no power is being generated. This means either (a) enough power must be generated while the wind is blowing to save for down-time, or (b) keeping traditional power around, at least as a backup. In the Centre for Energy’s most recent edition of Energy in Canada, this argument is addressed, saying, “While no form of energy can be relied upon 100 per cent of the time, variations in the output of wind energy are minimal over and above the normal fluctuation in electricity supply and demand. Therefore, at penetrations of up to 10 per cent in the electricity grid, wind energy requires very little additional back-up resources beyond those already in place within the electricity system.” 

As well, the same article addresses the challenge of wind’s reliability, mentioning that although wind doesn’t blow all the time, it is important to remember that the wind doesn’t stop blowing everywhere at the same time – that large numbers of wind turbines spread over a wide geographic area do, in fact, produce a consistent amount of power. Some food for thought. 

Building a Green Energy Economy

The Canadian federal government is certainly convinced. Ottawa has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20 per cent by 2020, setting aside $702-million aside for development of a more sustainable environment through 2011, including $400-million to transform to a “Green Energy Economy.” 

Wind energy is a lynchpin of this plan. CanWEA believes wind energy can satisfy 20 per cent of the nation’s electricity demand by 2025 – a mere 16 years away. Among other economic and ancillary benefits, it’s estimated this would reduce Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions by 17 megatonnes.  

To achieve this plan, three things need to happen. First, Canada and its regions need smart investment and to play to their natural strengths and advantages. Second, the wind industry needs to continue working on mitigating wind energy’s weaknesses. Third – and let’s not mince words here – a massive commitment and capital investment is required. 

Smart Investment

First, smart investment. Think of it as “chipping away.” For example, way back in 2001, Calgary Transit formed a partnership with Vision Quest Wind Electric – “Ride the Wind”. From that point forward, the city’s growing Light Rail Transit (LRT, or “C-Train”) system would be run entirely on wind power.  

Previously, the electricity used for C-Train traction power came from coal or natural gas facilities. At last estimate, wind power reduced Calgary Transit’s annual carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 46,000 tonnes – and as the city’s LRT system grows, so will the savings.  

What’s the significance? That transforming to clean energy doesn’t have to come in one painful, chaotic spasm of upheaval, but through careful, strategic investment by interested companies and governments. Indeed, there are dozens of wind projects from coast to coast to coast, from small to large.

Smart investment can also be driven by individuals, not just Microsoft-sized corporations and national governments. Consumers in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia can choose “100 per cent green electricity” by choosing Bullfrog Power as their provider.  

Bullfrog works something like an independent phone company. Bullfrog uses the same grid, but injects as much electricity into grid as its customers use. This is done via Bullfrog’s wind and hydro facilities, all certified by Environment Canada as low-impact. What difference does that make? Bullfrog’s growth has necessitated the construction of five new wind farms – four in Ontario, one in Alberta – to meet rising demand.  

Address the challenges

Secondly, the wind industry needs to mitigate its inherent drawbacks. One encouraging development is “urban turbines” for use in small settings – even backyards. Based on ancient Egyptian windmills, the turbines don’t look like massive propellers, but hand-powered lawn mowers placed vertically.  

With more surface area devoted to harnessing the wind, they spin much more slowly (up to twice the speed of the wind), making the blades visible to bats and birds, and thus much safer. The urban turbines are also quieter, and relatively cheap – a small model can supply around two-thirds of a typical household’s energy needs; a medium-sized version can power an entire house.  

Capital investment on wind infrastructure

The third thing is simultaneously the most challenging and most encouraging: a massive capital investment. There are wind power projects literally across the country. In Quebec, there are 23 separate wind power projects either under construction or planned for the very near future. There are even two turbines just outside Whitehorse, in the frigid Yukon Territory, where it was said the cold would make wind power impractical.  

In Ontario, Canada’s largest province, wind power is an integral part of the grid, the economy, and plans for the future. There are 24 wind farms operating, with eight projects planned or under construction. The combined total capacities of the existing and under construction wind farms in Ontario is 1436.9 MW, which will increase; the Ontario Power Authority’s Integrated Power System Plan calls for 4,600 megawatts of wind energy by 2020.

Canada’s smallest province is on board as well. PEI has seven wind farms, with a total capacity of 75.36 MW. Construction is underway on a second phase of the West Cape Wind Farm, which will more than double the province’s wind power capacity.  

Achieving CanWEA’s WindVision 2025 (1MB PDF) will have other benefits, too. All that infrastructure doesn’t just appear and disappear. CanWEA says it will create at least 52,000 high-quality, full-time jobs in Canada, including and particularly in rural communities. It will also produce $165 million in new annual revenues for municipalities.  

Wind power isn’t just Canada’s future in the far-off, Buck Rogers sense. It’s very much part of the present and immediate prospects for the economy, and in reducing the entire country’s ecological impact.

$5 million for wind energy

What’s powering the wind energy industry? The simple answer is the wind.

But a recent $5 million research grant awarded to Professor Liuchen Chang at the University of New Brunswick shows that the wind isn’t the only power behind the industry.

Part of a larger $35 million sum awarded to seven research networks by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the grant gives the wind power industry a much-needed boost towards technology commercialization.

In general, grants such as these support science and technology, increase research and training and create jobs, all of which lead to an improved quality of life and a stronger economy. The professor and his team plan to hire almost 200 students.

He’ll also be working with researchers from across the country on the project to develop made-in-Canada applications for generating wind energy. The New Brunswick professor has also partnered with 16 universities, 39 top-researchers wind-related researchers and 15 supporting partners from the wind industry.

Why is this important?

Well, because it will help to strengthen the wind industry. And in establishing wind energy as an economically viable and environmentally beneficial supplement to Canada’s energy portfolio, the Network will help drive growth in the Canadian manufacturing sector.

Indeed, wind energy is powering more than just our lights and electronics; it’s powering our economy.

Wanted: super batteries – mere mortals need not apply

Solar and wind power are fantastic energy alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels. But as everyone knows, they only work when the sun is shining or the wind is blowing. So far, wind and solar count for only 3 percent of the energy needs in the United States. But with plans to increase wind power supplies to 25 percent by 2025, a reliable and stable back-up is essential.

Enter Plan B. Plan Battery, that is.

A small wind farm in Luverne, Minnesota is leading the charge with the nation’s first wind-to-battery setup. It uses the wind to charge batteries that in turn release the wind power onto the grid.

These aren’t your typical double-A batteries. They are super-batteries the size a double-decker bus, complete with mask, cape and superpowers. Though they can’t leap tall buildings in a single bound, they certainly can power them.

A Super Battery can soak up 7.2 megawatt hours of power with help from his trusty sidekicks: Wind Turbines. The superhero team belongs to MinWind, a Minnesota wind-power developer.

Overseeing the entire super battery project is Xcel Energy, a Minneapolis-based utility, which bought the batteries from NGK Insulators, a Japanese battery supplier. The reason? A year ago, their wind capacity was at 2,700 megawatts compared with about 3,000 megawatts today, an amount it hopes to double by 2020.

Research is being done to see how much power the sodium-sulfur battery system can absorb, how quickly, at what cost – and then deliver it to the grid.

It’s a bird, it’s a plane. No – it’s Super-battery!

Image: XCel Energy